WiFi and Ethernet
WiFi and Ethernet are two ways to connect to the network and the Internet. Ethernet uses wires to connect to the router and computer, while WiFi uses a wireless connection (basically radio waves) to connect to the router. Due to the low latency of wired connections and relatively slow WiFi, Ethernet is faster.
WiFi scores higher than Ethernet in terms of convenience, as people can easily move without wires. However, from a security perspective, Ethernet is more secure with standard plugging of the Internet connection. WiFi, on the other hand, communicates wirelessly in the air, so it is easy to intercept and interfere.
NIC vs. WNIC card and WiFi card and wireless adapter
In order to connect to the network using Ethernet, the device needs a network interface card (NIC), and to connect to the WiFi network wirelessly, the device needs a WiFi card, which is just a wireless network interface card (WNIC) card. WNIC cards are larger wireless cards, and the cards that comply with WiFi standards are WiFi cards. These wireless cards are also called wireless adapters.
Wnic is just a radio
Your wireless network interface is the most basic radio. Therefore, it is able to receive and transmit radio frequency signals at various frequencies. However, due to RF spectrum regulations and standard standards, wireless network adapters (NICs) are likely to be transmitted in the 2.4 GHz band or the 5 GHz band.
Our routers follow the 802.11 wireless standard at home, at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. Wireless Standard – IEEE 802.11AC/N/A 5 GHz, IEEE 802.11N/B/G 2.4 GHz
NIC mode
A network interface card (NIC) is a physical device that allows network devices to communicate over a specified network medium. Each NIC has a Media Access Code (MAC) that should be unique to that particular NIC. This, together with the Internet Protocol (IP) address, allows network devices to determine where to route network traffic for proper delivery. On the receiving end, the NIC usually only looks for network traffic for that network, so the processing software on the device is not overwhelmed by all network traffic in the communication medium. If the NIC does not do this, the network communication speed of the device will slow down. NICs have a number of different execution modes; although there can only be one mode activity at a time. These modes allow different operations from the perspective of handling traffic and equipment management. Two of the interests of this article are promiscuity and surveillance modes, which allow the capture of packets that are not destined to be host NICs. Other modes are master, hosted, temporary, mesh and repeater. NICs can be placed in these other modes, but they do not allow packets to be captured in a way that is of interest in this article or in our ethical hacking course.
Hosting & Promiscuous & Monitoring Mode on WiFi Adapters
Hosted mode will allow the device to view only the traffic that is designed to run a Wireshark device. Promiscuous mode will enable devices to view traffic on WiFi networks, meaning traffic to all devices on the same WiFi network. Monitoring mode will allow you to see all wireless traffic on other networks as well.
Most user machines run in managed mode. It is called managed mode because it is a constraint mode that is only used in users and not in network devices. This allows them to connect 4 to the network under normal circumstances. This can be through a wired network or through a wireless base station, depending on the NIC used.
Typically, the NIC runs in managed mode. In managed mode, the NIC can only handle traffic using the correct MAC and IP addresses for the NIC device. Running the NIC in promiscuous mode captures all traffic on the network that the machine can see. This means that the NIC no longer ignores any traffic the NIC sees. When capturing packets in promiscuous mode, the NIC passes all captured packets to the operating system for processing. The software device drivers are then used by the application running on the device to handle these
Surveillance mode is similar to promiscuous mode, but is only available on wireless NICs. It allows users to sniff all network traffic in the wireless spectrum without being associated with the wireless network, which cannot be performed on a wired network. Typically, a typical association would be that a computer authenticated through an access point has an assigned IP and can communicate in two-way directions on other devices on the network. Since there is no association with the network, this standard method of wireless sniffing cannot be detected because the sniffing machine is completely passive. As a result, the access point cannot cause a response.
When your wireless network interface is in monitoring mode, it will pass all incoming packets to the CPU. After that, you will be able to run a variety of flow analyzers.
Does this mean you need to set up the card in monitoring mode to analyze traffic for that interface? no. However, it depends on the specific traffic type you want to check. If you want to analyze traffic sent from a machine running Wireshark, you can host the mode. However, if you are trying to capture network traffic that is not sent or sent from a machine running Wireshark, you may have to capture it in Monitor mode.
However, not all wireless NICs support monitor mode. Monitoring mode is a hardware mode that requires separate hardware.
How do I check if my wireless adapter supports monitoring mode?
On Windows:
- Open a command prompt in administrator mode. (If you don’t know what to do, check this site at the bottom.
- Type the network and press Enter.
- Type “WLAN Display Wireless Barrier”; press Enter.
- The entry “Network Monitor Mode” will be displayed as “Supported” or “Not Supported”.
WiFi hardware for monitoring and injection modes
You must mainly purchase a new WiFi adapter that supports monitoring and injection modes. We have covered the monitor mode above. We will cover the injection mode below. Here is a list of recommended WiFi adapters that support monitoring and injection modes.
You can view a complete list of the best hacker wireless adapters in Zsecurity here for purchase in your own area.
Injection mode of wireless adapter
Packet injectioncommonly known as forging or spoofing packets, is a technology used in computer networks where attackers insert fabricated packets into existing data streams. These injected packets are designed as part of normal communication between network devices, making them difficult to detect. The main goal of packet injection is to destroy or intercept data flows, allowing attackers to manipulate network traffic for various malicious purposes.
Packet injection runs by creating and sending process packets to an existing network connection. The process begins with creating the original socket that allows direct access to the network interface. Next is to build the necessary headers (Ethernet, IP and TCP or UDP) in memory. The injected data is then assembled with these headers to form a complete data packet.
Once the packet is assembled, it performs a checksum calculation to make sure it looks legitimate. The final step involves sending packets through the original socket, making them part of the normal communication stream. This method allows an attacker to manipulate network traffic without detection because the injected packet mimics legitimate packets.
Network interfaces play a crucial role in this process. By leveraging the original socket or directly accessing the network adapter driver, an attacker has full control over the packet header, allowing precise manipulation of the data being transmitted. This feature is essential for effectively performing various cyber attacks.
Types of attacks using packets
Packet injections are often used in denial of service (DOS) attacks where attackers are filled with malicious packets to overwhelm and destroy services. By injecting these packets, an attacker can cause significant network congestion, resulting in power outages and degrading performance for legitimate users.
Another common use of packet injection is man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. In these cases, the attacker intercepts and injects the communication flow between two parties in the packet. This allows an attacker to steal sensitive information or inject malicious commands without knowing the communication party, which can steal sensitive information or inject malicious commands.
Hope this works, thanks.
You might want to read: Intrusion Detection System, Encoded in ASCII and UTF, & TCP and UDP explain
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