Bousso’s new theorem world still leaves our universe in a significant way. For mathematical convenience, he assumed that there were various particles, which was an unrealistic assumption, which made some physicists wonder whether the third layer matched reality better than the second layer (with about 17 particles). “We don’t have an infinite number of quantum fields,” said Edgar Shaghoulian, a physicist at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Nevertheless, for some experts, Bousso’s work provides a satisfying ending to the story of Penrose and Wall Singularity, despite its unrealistic particles. It determines that even in space time where there is a mild reaction to quantum matter, singularity cannot be avoided. “Singularity cannot be stopped by adding a small amount of quantum correction alone,” Pennington said. Wall and Busso’s work “completely answerable.”
True strangeness
But Bousso’s theorem still cannot guarantee that singularity must be formed in our universe.
Some physicists believe that the dead ends have indeed disappeared. It seems that singularity can actually connect to other places. For black holes, maybe those lights end up entering another universe.
The lack of a Big Bang Singularity may mean that our universe begins with a “big bouncing.” The idea is that when a former universe collapsed under gravity, it somehow avoided the formation of singularity and instead bounced to an expansionary period. Physicists developing rebound theory often use semi-classical physics to exploit negative energy quantum effects to surround the singularity required by penrose and Hawklin’s theorem. Given the newer theorem, they now need to swallow up the disturbing fact that their theory also violates the generalized second law.
A physicist at Johns Hopkins University hunts the bouncing, he says he is not afraid. He pointed out that even the second law in general is not a gospel truth. Rejecting it will avoid singularities and can perform continuation of space and time.
Singularity skeptics can also attract the theory of onion core, where space-time behaves in real quantum ways, such as superposition and superposition. There, nothing to take for granted. For example, it is difficult to define the concept of a region, so it is not clear what form the second law should take, so the new theorem will not hold.
However, Bousso and like-minded physicists suspect that a high quantum arena without a concept of region is about the same as the dead end of light, so Penrose would argue that singularity should persist in core theory and our universe. The beginning of the universe and the heart of the black hole will really mark the edge of the map, where the clock cannot be ticked and the space stops.
“Inside a black hole, I’m pretty sure there’s some concept of singularity,” said Netta Engelhardt, a physicist at MIT.
In this case, the basic theory of quantum gravity is still not obvious that it will not kill singularities, but will make them mysterious. This true theory will allow physicists to ask questions and calculate meaningful answers, but the language of these questions and answers will change dramatically. Numbers of space-time, such as position, curvature, and duration (such as describing singularities) may not be useful. There, where time ends, other quantities or concepts may have to replace them. “If you have to let me guess, no matter the singularity described by quantum states itself,” Pennington said.
ability Reprinted with permission Quanta Magazine, Edit independent publications Simmons Foundation Its mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and physics and life sciences.
